A Review on Quantum Metrology Triangle Experiments

Hansjörg Scherer and Benedetta Camarota*
Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt Braunschweig,
Bundesallee 100, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
*with Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt Braunschweig until 2012
Email of corresponding author: [email protected]

Abstract - Quantum Metrology Triangle experiments combine the three quantum electrical effects that are relevant in metrology, and thus enable a fundamental consistency test on the validity of commonly assumed relations between fundamental constants of nature and the quantum electrical effects. This paper reviews the history, results and the present status of Quantum Metrology Triangle experiments and their perspectives. Possible implications for the knowledge on fundamental constants and the quantum electrical effects are discussed.

Keywords  - Charge, current, voltage, fundamental constants, phenomenological constants, measurements; Josephson voltage standard, quantization, quantum electrical standards; quantization test, quantum Hall effect, quantum Hall standard, quantum metrology, quantum metrology triangle, SI, single-electron devices, single-electron tunnelling, unit system, units

IEEE/CSC & ESAS SUPERCONDUCTIVITY NEWS FORUM (global edition), July 2013
Received June 25, 2013; Accepted after revision July 4, 2013.  Reference No. CR31; Category 4.